C#

It was while teaching numerous seminars on various programming languages that author Daniel Solis realized the immense power diagrams have in explaining programming language concepts. Most people learn quicker and retain information better when the material is presented in a clean, simple, visual format. And that approach is exactly what you’ll find in Illustrated C# 2010. Solis uses concise text, bulleted lists, and tables to clarify and summarize language features, as well as his renowned, ubiquitous figures and diagrams. Each language feature is illustrated with a concise and focused code sample for complete clarity. The result is a unique guide that will help you understand and get to work with C# fast.

In Illustrated C# 2010, you’ll receive an overview of the .NET platform and the role played by C#, and then you’ll move into exploring the C# language in its entirety, including all the new C# 2010 features right down to the most complex topics involved in C#. If you’re a C++ or VB programmer migrating to C# 2010, this book will be invaluable; the unique visual approach offers a far from lightweight treatment of C# 2010, so even the most experienced programmers will come away with a deeper understanding of the C# language.

What you’ll learn

• Details of the C# 2010 language presented in a clear, concise treatment
• New features in the latest version of .NET, in the author’s unique visual style
• How C# differs from and is similar to other programming languages, aiding migrating C++ and VB programmers who already know how languages work

Who this book is for

• Visual Basic programmers interested in moving to C#
• C++ programmers interested in moving to C#
• Novice programmers interested in learning C#
• Students in introductory programming classes learning C#

Table of Contents

1. C# and the .NET Framework
2. Overview of C# Programming
3. Types, Storage and Variables
4. Classes: The Basics
5. Methods
6. More about Classes
7. Classes and Inheritance
8. Expressions and Operators
9. Statements
10. Namespaces and Assemblies
11. Exceptions
12. Structs
13. Enumerations
14. Arrays
15. Delegates
16. Events
17. Interfaces
18. Conversions
19. Generics
20. Enumerators and Iterators
21. Introduction to LINQ
22. Introduction to Asynchronous Programming
23. Preprocessor Directives
24. Reflection and Attributes
25. Other Topics

The professional programmer’s Deitel® guide to C# 2010 and the powerful Microsoft® .NET 4 Framework

Written for programmers with a background in C++, Java or other high-level, object-oriented languages, this book applies the Deitel signature live-code approach to teaching programming and explores Microsoft’s C# 2010 language and .NET 4 in depth. The book is updated for Visual Studio® 2010 and C# 4, and presents C# concepts in the context of fully tested programs, complete with syntax shading, detailed line-by-line code descriptions and program outputs. The book features 200+ C# applications with 17,000+ lines of proven C# code, as well as hundreds of programming tips that will help you build robust applications.

Start with a concise introduction to C# fundamentals using an early classes and objects approach, then rapidly move on to more advanced topics, including multithreading, .NET 4, LINQ, WPF, ASP.NET 4, WCF web services and Silverlight®. Along the way you’ll enjoy the Deitels’ classic treatment of object-oriented programming and the OOD/UML® ATM case study, including a complete C# implementation. When you’re finished, you’ll be ready to build next-generation Windows applications, web applications and web services.

Check out the related LiveLessons video product, C# 2010 Fundamentals: Parts I, II and III, containing 20+ hours of video synchronized to this book: www.deitel.com/livelessons.

Practical, example-rich coverage of:

• .NET 4, Types, Arrays, Exception Handling
• LINQ, Object/Collection Initializers
• OOP: Classes, Objects, Inheritance,  Polymorphism, Interfaces
• WinForms, WPF, XAML, Event Handling
• WPF GUI/Graphics/Multimedia
• Silverlight®
• Lists, Queues, Stacks, Trees
• Generic Collections, Methods and Classes
• XML®, LINQ to XML
• Database, LINQ to SQL
• ASP.NET 4.0, ASP.NET AJAX
• Web Forms, Web Controls
• WCF Web Services
• OOD/UML® Case Study

Visit www.deitel.com

• For information on Deitel’s Dive Into® training courses offered worldwide visit www.deitel.com/training
• To license Deitel book and/or LiveLessons video content for your learning management system, e-mail deitel@deitel.com
• Download code examples
• Follow Deitel on Twitter® @deitel and Facebook® at www.deitel.com/deitelfan/
• To receive updates for this book, subscribe to the free Deitel® Buzz Online e-mail newsletter at www.deitel.com/newsletter/subscribe.html

Testimonials from the Third and Fourth Edition Reviewers

“Takes you from zero to the highest levels of C# programming proficiency. The pedagogical approach and wealth of online material guarantee this book an outstanding place among its peers. The best presentation on inheritance, interfaces and polymorphism I have seen in my 25+ years as a trainer and consultant! Superbly clear.”

     —Octavio Hernandez, Microsoft C# MVP, Advanced Bionics

“The ultimate, comprehensive book that teaches you how to program using the latest Microsoft technologies. Excellent explanations, lots of examples, all the necessary theoretical background and all the latest technologies for desktop, web and databases. The best overview of Silverlight.”

     —Kirill Osenkov, Visual Studio Languages Team, Microsoft

“Illustrates the best practices of C# programming.”

    —Mingsheng Hong, Cornell University

“Excellent introduction to the world of .NET for the beginning C# programmer, using the Deitels’ live-code approach and real-world examples.”

    —Bonnie Berent, Microsoft C# MVP

“Shows the practical application of the most recent topics in C# development. A gentle introduction to LINQ and the .NET collection classes; I like it very much! Shows a lot of useful basic techniques and most of the ‘second level facts’ needed to develop WinForms apps. I like the way you introduce working with databases using LINQ to SQL. Excellent introduction to ASP.NET. A very good introduction to generics. Outstanding chapter on collections; the discussion of the new co- and contra-variance capabilities is by necessity short, but very nice.”

     —Octavio Hernandez, Microsoft C# MVP, Advanced Bionics

“The code examples provide a very good start on C# programming. A good job explaining the concepts of classes and objects in plain English. The arrays chapter is well done. A nice introduction to LINQ and Collections. The code examples in the chapter on polymorphism and interfaces are excellent. Important exception-related topics are explained with good examples.”

    —Zijiang (James) Yang, Western Michigan University

“Teaches how to ‘program in the large,’ with material on object-oriented programming and software engineering principles.”

    —Mingsheng Hong, Cornell University

“An excellent, true objects-first book. Excellent introduction to data structures and collections. The generics material is a real asset.”

    —Gavin Osborne, Saskatchewan Institute of Applied Science and Technology

“Great chapter on polymorphism.”

    —Eric Lippert, Microsoft

“Excellent chapter on exceptions. Very good chapter on Winforms GUIs.”

    —Marcelo Guerra Hahn, Microsoft

“Updated contents cover the most important additions to the language while maintaining the Deitels’ well-known high-quality. The early introduction to classes and objects is brilliant. I especially like the explanation of properties, and the discussion of value types vs. reference types. [Classes and Objects: A Deeper Look] does a really good job providing good practices for accessing private data and reusing code. The [Data Structures] chapter is very well written. Coverage of ASP.NET is exceptional.”

    —José Antonio González Seco, Parliament of Andalusia, Spain

“Perfect for professionals. Thorough introductions to the debugger and LINQ.”

    —Vinay Ahuja, Architect, Microsoft Corporation

“The TV/Video Viewer will enthuse readers and help them see how graphics effects can be created easily in WPF.”

    —Ged Mead, Microsoft MVP, DevCity.Net

“An excellent introduction to XML, LINQ to XML and related technologies.”—Helena Kotas, Microsoft

“Good overview of relational databases. It hits on the right LINQ to SQL idioms.”

    —Alex Turner, Microsoft

“Great overview of producing and consuming web services with WCF.”

    —Dan Crevier, Microsoft

[Chapter 24: GUI with Windows Presentation Foundation] “This chapter is very well written. I especially liked your coverage of GUI customization and data bindings, which is very clear.”

    —José Antonio González Seco, Parliament of Andalusia, Spain

[Chapter 24: GUI with Windows Presentation Foundation] “Excellent chapter! Everything is laid out right so that every required bit of knowledge is already there when needed.”

    —Octavio Hernandez, Microsoft C# MVP, Advanced Bionics

[Chapter 25: WPF Graphics and Multimedia] “An already excellent chapter that got even better! This chapter perfectly complements the previous one, and offers great exa...

C# 4.0 Unleashed is a practical reference focusing on the C# language and the .NET platform as a whole. While covering the language in lots of detail, it also provides enough coverage of various popular .NET technologies and techniques (such as debugging) for the reader to be successful on the .NET platform. The in-depth coverage of the language features is crucial to the success of a developer. Knowing exactly where and why to use certain language features can boost efficiency significantly. This book differs from other works by going into enough depth on how things work, while not being a clone of the formal language specification. Concise anecdotes with concrete samples illustrate how certain language features behave, and also point out possible caveats in using them. On the side of platform coverage, the author provides a gentle introduction to the wide landscape of the .NET platform, following a logical structure that reflects the high-level architecture of an application: presentation, logic, data, connectivity, etc. In the .NET part of the book there's coverage of relevant new technologies such as cloud computing, modeling, and parallel programming - things that will gain much more attention moving forward.

Mastering the development of .NET 4.0 applications in C# is less about knowing the Visual C# 2010 language and more about knowing how to use the functionality of the .NET Framework class library most effectively. Visual C# 2010 Recipes explores the breadth of the .NET Framework class library and provides specific solutions to common and interesting programming problems. Each recipe is presented in a succinct problem/solution format and is accompanied by a working code sample to help you understand the concept and quickly apply it.

When you are facing a Visual C# 2010 problem, this book likely contains a recipe that provides you with the solution–or at least points you in the right direction. Even if you are simply looking to broaden your knowledge of the .NET Framework class library, then Visual C# 2010 Recipes is the perfect resource to assist you.

This is a fully up-to-date reference for .NET 4.0 programmers. All code samples come as stand-alone Visual Studio 2010 solutions for your convenience.

What you'll learn

• Clear, concise answers to myriad problems that occur during day-to-day C# 2010 development
• How to write code according to Microsoft's best practice guidelines
• Answers to questions covering everything from workflow to XML processing

Who is this book for?

While there are few developers who do not stand to learn something from this book's concise, solution-oriented format, it is primarily aimed at emerging software professionals taking their first steps into the IT marketplace. These newly qualified and relatively inexperienced developers will gain the most from the book's comprehensive content and fast-access design, which is aimed at helping them cope with the problems and pitfalls that regularly occur when learning a new technology.

About the Apress Recipes Series

Apress Recipes series books are carefully selected compendiums of solutions and techniques to help you solve the difficulties that regularly beset developers when they are learning a new language or technology. The recipes are short, and each provides a step–by–step explanation and working code example that allows you to successfully solve your problems and progress with your project.

C# 2010 offers powerful new features, and this book is the fastest path to mastering them—and the rest of C#—for both experienced C# programmers moving to C# 2010 and programmers moving to C# from another object-oriented language. Many books introduce C#, but very few also explain how to use it optimally with the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR). This book teaches both core C# language concepts and how to wisely employ C# idioms and object-oriented design patterns to exploit the power of C# and the CLR.

This book is both a rapid tutorial and a permanent reference. You'll quickly master C# syntax while learning how the CLR simplifies many programming tasks. You’ll also learn best practices that ensure your code will be efficient, reusable, and robust. Why spend months or years discovering the best ways to design and code C# when this book will show you how to do things the right way from the start?

• Comprehensively and concisely explains both C# 2008 and C# 2010 features
• Focuses on the language itself and on how to use C# 2010 proficiently for all .NET application development.
• Concentrates on how C# features work and how to best use them for robust, high-performance code

What you'll learn

• How C# works with and exploits the CLR
• How to use arrays, collections, and iterators
• How to handle events with delegates and anonymous functions
• How to design and use generic types and methods
• How to thread efficiently and robustly
• How C# anonymous types, lamba expressions, and extension methods work and how to use them

Who is this book for?

If you're an experienced C# programmer, you need to understand how C# has changed with C# 2010. If you're an experienced object-oriented programmer moving to C#, you want to ramp up quickly in the language while learning the latest features and techniques. In either case, this book is for you. The first three chapters succinctly present C# fundamentals, for those new to or reviewing C#. The rest of the book covers all the major C# features, in great detail, explaining how they work and how best to use them. Whatever your background or need, you’ll treasure this book for as long as you code in C# 2010.

About the Apress Accelerated Series

You already know your industry, but you need to accelerate your skills in a particular area and reach best practices standards in one step. The Apress Accelerated Series of books will ramp you up quickly to industry standards in the area of your choice, by accelerating you through core information and using the professional’s pace to cover best practices and special extras that only a more experienced programmer in the area could give you.

Mastering the development of .NET 4.0 applications in C# is less about knowing the Visual C# 2010 language and more about knowing how to use the functionality of the .NET Framework class library most effectively. Visual C# 2010 Recipes explores the breadth of the .NET Framework class library and provides specific solutions to common and interesting programming problems. Each recipe is presented in a succinct problem/solution format and is accompanied by a working code sample to help you understand the concept and quickly apply it.

When you are facing a Visual C# 2010 problem, this book likely contains a recipe that provides you with the solution–or at least points you in the right direction. Even if you are simply looking to broaden your knowledge of the .NET Framework class library, then Visual C# 2010 Recipes is the perfect resource to assist you.

This is a fully up-to-date reference for .NET 4.0 programmers. All code samples come as stand-alone Visual Studio 2010 solutions for your convenience.

What you'll learn

• Clear, concise answers to myriad problems that occur during day-to-day C# 2010 development
• How to write code according to Microsoft's best practice guidelines
• Answers to questions covering everything from workflow to XML processing

Who is this book for?

While there are few developers who do not stand to learn something from this book's concise, solution-oriented format, it is primarily aimed at emerging software professionals taking their first steps into the IT marketplace. These newly qualified and relatively inexperienced developers will gain the most from the book's comprehensive content and fast-access design, which is aimed at helping them cope with the problems and pitfalls that regularly occur when learning a new technology.

About the Apress Recipes Series

Apress Recipes series books are carefully selected compendiums of solutions and techniques to help you solve the difficulties that regularly beset developers when they are learning a new language or technology. The recipes are short, and each provides a step–by–step explanation and working code example that allows you to successfully solve your problems and progress with your project.

C# 2010 offers powerful new features, and this book is the fastest path to mastering them—and the rest of C#—for both experienced C# programmers moving to C# 2010 and programmers moving to C# from another object-oriented language. Many books introduce C#, but very few also explain how to use it optimally with the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR). This book teaches both core C# language concepts and how to wisely employ C# idioms and object-oriented design patterns to exploit the power of C# and the CLR.

This book is both a rapid tutorial and a permanent reference. You'll quickly master C# syntax while learning how the CLR simplifies many programming tasks. You’ll also learn best practices that ensure your code will be efficient, reusable, and robust. Why spend months or years discovering the best ways to design and code C# when this book will show you how to do things the right way from the start?

• Comprehensively and concisely explains both C# 2008 and C# 2010 features
• Focuses on the language itself and on how to use C# 2010 proficiently for all .NET application development.
• Concentrates on how C# features work and how to best use them for robust, high-performance code

What you'll learn

• How C# works with and exploits the CLR
• How to use arrays, collections, and iterators
• How to handle events with delegates and anonymous functions
• How to design and use generic types and methods
• How to thread efficiently and robustly
• How C# anonymous types, lamba expressions, and extension methods work and how to use them

Who is this book for?

If you're an experienced C# programmer, you need to understand how C# has changed with C# 2010. If you're an experienced object-oriented programmer moving to C#, you want to ramp up quickly in the language while learning the latest features and techniques. In either case, this book is for you. The first three chapters succinctly present C# fundamentals, for those new to or reviewing C#. The rest of the book covers all the major C# features, in great detail, explaining how they work and how best to use them. Whatever your background or need, you’ll treasure this book for as long as you code in C# 2010.

About the Apress Accelerated Series

You already know your industry, but you need to accelerate your skills in a particular area and reach best practices standards in one step. The Apress Accelerated Series of books will ramp you up quickly to industry standards in the area of your choice, by accelerating you through core information and using the professional’s pace to cover best practices and special extras that only a more experienced programmer in the area could give you.

C# 4.0 Unleashed is a practical reference focusing on the C# language and the .NET platform as a whole. While covering the language in lots of detail, it also provides enough coverage of various popular .NET technologies and techniques (such as debugging) for the reader to be successful on the .NET platform. The in-depth coverage of the language features is crucial to the success of a developer. Knowing exactly where and why to use certain language features can boost efficiency significantly. This book differs from other works by going into enough depth on how things work, while not being a clone of the formal language specification. Concise anecdotes with concrete samples illustrate how certain language features behave, and also point out possible caveats in using them. On the side of platform coverage, the author provides a gentle introduction to the wide landscape of the .NET platform, following a logical structure that reflects the high-level architecture of an application: presentation, logic, data, connectivity, etc. In the .NET part of the book there's coverage of relevant new technologies such as cloud computing, modeling, and parallel programming - things that will gain much more attention moving forward.

The professional programmer’s Deitel® guide to C# 2010 and the powerful Microsoft® .NET 4 Framework

Written for programmers with a background in C++, Java or other high-level, object-oriented languages, this book applies the Deitel signature live-code approach to teaching programming and explores Microsoft’s C# 2010 language and .NET 4 in depth. The book is updated for Visual Studio® 2010 and C# 4, and presents C# concepts in the context of fully tested programs, complete with syntax shading, detailed line-by-line code descriptions and program outputs. The book features 200+ C# applications with 17,000+ lines of proven C# code, as well as hundreds of programming tips that will help you build robust applications.

Start with a concise introduction to C# fundamentals using an early classes and objects approach, then rapidly move on to more advanced topics, including multithreading, .NET 4, LINQ, WPF, ASP.NET 4, WCF web services and Silverlight®. Along the way you’ll enjoy the Deitels’ classic treatment of object-oriented programming and the OOD/UML® ATM case study, including a complete C# implementation. When you’re finished, you’ll be ready to build next-generation Windows applications, web applications and web services.

Check out the related LiveLessons video product, C# 2010 Fundamentals: Parts I, II and III, containing 20+ hours of video synchronized to this book: www.deitel.com/livelessons.

Practical, example-rich coverage of:

• .NET 4, Types, Arrays, Exception Handling
• LINQ, Object/Collection Initializers
• OOP: Classes, Objects, Inheritance,  Polymorphism, Interfaces
• WinForms, WPF, XAML, Event Handling
• WPF GUI/Graphics/Multimedia
• Silverlight®
• Lists, Queues, Stacks, Trees
• Generic Collections, Methods and Classes
• XML®, LINQ to XML
• Database, LINQ to SQL
• ASP.NET 4.0, ASP.NET AJAX
• Web Forms, Web Controls
• WCF Web Services
• OOD/UML® Case Study

Visit www.deitel.com

• For information on Deitel’s Dive Into® training courses offered worldwide visit www.deitel.com/training
• To license Deitel book and/or LiveLessons video content for your learning management system, e-mail deitel@deitel.com
• Download code examples
• Follow Deitel on Twitter® @deitel and Facebook® at www.deitel.com/deitelfan/
• To receive updates for this book, subscribe to the free Deitel® Buzz Online e-mail newsletter at www.deitel.com/newsletter/subscribe.html

Testimonials from the Third and Fourth Edition Reviewers

“Takes you from zero to the highest levels of C# programming proficiency. The pedagogical approach and wealth of online material guarantee this book an outstanding place among its peers. The best presentation on inheritance, interfaces and polymorphism I have seen in my 25+ years as a trainer and consultant! Superbly clear.”

     —Octavio Hernandez, Microsoft C# MVP, Advanced Bionics

“The ultimate, comprehensive book that teaches you how to program using the latest Microsoft technologies. Excellent explanations, lots of examples, all the necessary theoretical background and all the latest technologies for desktop, web and databases. The best overview of Silverlight.”

     —Kirill Osenkov, Visual Studio Languages Team, Microsoft

“Illustrates the best practices of C# programming.”

    —Mingsheng Hong, Cornell University

“Excellent introduction to the world of .NET for the beginning C# programmer, using the Deitels’ live-code approach and real-world examples.”

    —Bonnie Berent, Microsoft C# MVP

“Shows the practical application of the most recent topics in C# development. A gentle introduction to LINQ and the .NET collection classes; I like it very much! Shows a lot of useful basic techniques and most of the ‘second level facts’ needed to develop WinForms apps. I like the way you introduce working with databases using LINQ to SQL. Excellent introduction to ASP.NET. A very good introduction to generics. Outstanding chapter on collections; the discussion of the new co- and contra-variance capabilities is by necessity short, but very nice.”

     —Octavio Hernandez, Microsoft C# MVP, Advanced Bionics

“The code examples provide a very good start on C# programming. A good job explaining the concepts of classes and objects in plain English. The arrays chapter is well done. A nice introduction to LINQ and Collections. The code examples in the chapter on polymorphism and interfaces are excellent. Important exception-related topics are explained with good examples.”

    —Zijiang (James) Yang, Western Michigan University

“Teaches how to ‘program in the large,’ with material on object-oriented programming and software engineering principles.”

    —Mingsheng Hong, Cornell University

“An excellent, true objects-first book. Excellent introduction to data structures and collections. The generics material is a real asset.”

    —Gavin Osborne, Saskatchewan Institute of Applied Science and Technology

“Great chapter on polymorphism.”

    —Eric Lippert, Microsoft

“Excellent chapter on exceptions. Very good chapter on Winforms GUIs.”

    —Marcelo Guerra Hahn, Microsoft

“Updated contents cover the most important additions to the language while maintaining the Deitels’ well-known high-quality. The early introduction to classes and objects is brilliant. I especially like the explanation of properties, and the discussion of value types vs. reference types. [Classes and Objects: A Deeper Look] does a really good job providing good practices for accessing private data and reusing code. The [Data Structures] chapter is very well written. Coverage of ASP.NET is exceptional.”

    —José Antonio González Seco, Parliament of Andalusia, Spain

“Perfect for professionals. Thorough introductions to the debugger and LINQ.”

    —Vinay Ahuja, Architect, Microsoft Corporation

“The TV/Video Viewer will enthuse readers and help them see how graphics effects can be created easily in WPF.”

    —Ged Mead, Microsoft MVP, DevCity.Net

“An excellent introduction to XML, LINQ to XML and related technologies.”—Helena Kotas, Microsoft

“Good overview of relational databases. It hits on the right LINQ to SQL idioms.”

    —Alex Turner, Microsoft

“Great overview of producing and consuming web services with WCF.”

    —Dan Crevier, Microsoft

[Chapter 24: GUI with Windows Presentation Foundation] “This chapter is very well written. I especially liked your coverage of GUI customization and data bindings, which is very clear.”

    —José Antonio González Seco, Parliament of Andalusia, Spain

[Chapter 24: GUI with Windows Presentation Foundation] “Excellent chapter! Everything is laid out right so that every required bit of knowledge is already there when needed.”

    —Octavio Hernandez, Microsoft C# MVP, Advanced Bionics

[Chapter 25: WPF Graphics and Multimedia] “An already excellent chapter that got even better! This chapter perfectly complements the previous one, and offers great exa...

It was while teaching numerous seminars on various programming languages that author Daniel Solis realized the immense power diagrams have in explaining programming language concepts. Most people learn quicker and retain information better when the material is presented in a clean, simple, visual format. And that approach is exactly what you’ll find in Illustrated C# 2010. Solis uses concise text, bulleted lists, and tables to clarify and summarize language features, as well as his renowned, ubiquitous figures and diagrams. Each language feature is illustrated with a concise and focused code sample for complete clarity. The result is a unique guide that will help you understand and get to work with C# fast.

In Illustrated C# 2010, you’ll receive an overview of the .NET platform and the role played by C#, and then you’ll move into exploring the C# language in its entirety, including all the new C# 2010 features right down to the most complex topics involved in C#. If you’re a C++ or VB programmer migrating to C# 2010, this book will be invaluable; the unique visual approach offers a far from lightweight treatment of C# 2010, so even the most experienced programmers will come away with a deeper understanding of the C# language.

What you’ll learn

• Details of the C# 2010 language presented in a clear, concise treatment
• New features in the latest version of .NET, in the author’s unique visual style
• How C# differs from and is similar to other programming languages, aiding migrating C++ and VB programmers who already know how languages work

Who this book is for

• Visual Basic programmers interested in moving to C#
• C++ programmers interested in moving to C#
• Novice programmers interested in learning C#
• Students in introductory programming classes learning C#

Table of Contents

1. C# and the .NET Framework
2. Overview of C# Programming
3. Types, Storage and Variables
4. Classes: The Basics
5. Methods
6. More about Classes
7. Classes and Inheritance
8. Expressions and Operators
9. Statements
10. Namespaces and Assemblies
11. Exceptions
12. Structs
13. Enumerations
14. Arrays
15. Delegates
16. Events
17. Interfaces
18. Conversions
19. Generics
20. Enumerators and Iterators
21. Introduction to LINQ
22. Introduction to Asynchronous Programming
23. Preprocessor Directives
24. Reflection and Attributes
25. Other Topics